BMW's first model equipped with a power steering system was the BMW E3 launched in 1968, also known as the "BMW New Six" series. The E3 series is a model launched by BMW to enter the high-end luxury sedan market, aiming to compete with luxury cars such as the Mercedes-Benz S-Class.

In general, the service life of the hydraulic power steering rack is between 120,000 and 150,000 kilometers. However, this value is not absolute, because different use conditions will have different effects on its life.

From the late 1950s to the 1960s, more and more American automakers began to equip their models with power steering systems. During this period, power steering gradually evolved from an optional configuration for luxury models to a standard configuration for mid-to-high-end models.

If the steering rack leaks seriously, the owner may find obvious oil traces under the vehicle or near the steering rack. These oil traces are usually light yellow or amber in color and have a certain viscosity.

Based on the above-mentioned steering systems, the most advanced steering system is undoubtedly the steering-by-wire system (Steer-by-Wire, SbW). The steer-by-wire system is a fully electronic steering system that does not rely on mechanical connections.

The most direct power source for a hydraulic power steering system is the vehicle's engine. When the engine is started and running, the engine drives the hydraulic pump through a belt. Typically, the hydraulic pump is connected to the engine's belt drive system.

The hydraulic pump is the core component of the hydraulic power steering system, which provides power assistance by pressurizing hydraulic oil. If the hydraulic pump fails, such as internal wear or insufficient pressure, the hydraulic system will not work effectively.

New energy vehicles, especially pure electric vehicles, usually choose electric power steering systems when designing their power steering systems. The main reasons are as follows: Energy matching of electric power steering systems Efficient energy use Simple structure and high reliability

When the power steering fluid is insufficient, air may be mixed into the hydraulic system, causing the hydraulic pump to make abnormal noises when it is running. These noises are usually manifested as sharp hissing or whistling sounds, which are more obvious when turning the steering wheel.

Hydraulic power steering rack (HPS Rack) is the most common type of steering system in traditional fuel vehicles. Its core is to provide steering assistance through hydraulic pressure. This rack usually works with a hydraulic pump, oil pipe, valve and hydraulic oil tank.