The manual steering system, also known as the mechanical steering system, is the earliest automotive steering technology. It transmits the rotational motion of the steering wheel to the wheels of the vehicle through a physical connection. The power steering system is developed on the basis of the manual steering system.

The performance of a repaired power steering rack depends on the quality of the repair and the severity of the problem. In some cases, the repair may not fully restore the original performance of the rack, especially when the internal mechanical parts are already severely worn.

When the rack and pinion system fails, the vehicle's driving trajectory may be abnormal. For example, the vehicle may deviate from the straight driving trajectory even if the steering wheel is in the neutral position.

The manual steering system completely relies on the driver's power for steering, and the mechanical structure is relatively simple, mainly relying on the rack and pinion mechanism to achieve steering. The hydraulic steering system adds a hydraulic power assist device on the basis of the manual.

In the current automotive market, hydraulic power steering systems (HPS) and electronic hydraulic power steering systems (EHPS) are still widely used, and both systems rely on power steering pumps.

The manual steering system, also known as the power-free steering system, is a mechanical device that relies on the driver to directly apply force to turn the steering wheel and control the steering of the vehicle.

They are not the same concept. Rack and pinion is a specific mechanical structure responsible for converting the rotation of the steering wheel into the steering of the wheels; while power steering is an auxiliary system designed to reduce the amount of effort required by the driver during steering.

HPS racks are more common in large vehicles and some high-performance models that focus on driving experience. These types of vehicles have high requirements for the durability, reliability and steering feel of the steering system, and the HPS system has obvious advantages in this regard.

The power steering rack is connected to the steering gear and steering wheel, and is responsible for converting the driver's steering instructions into actual steering actions of the wheels. Traditional mechanical steering requires a lot of force, while the power steering makes steering easier.

When the electric power steering system fails, the vehicle may experience the following situations: steering becomes difficult, steering response is delayed, the vehicle cannot maintain a straight line, the driver warning system is activated, and emergency control capabilities are reduced.