The manual steering system, also known as the mechanical steering system, is the earliest automotive steering technology. It transmits the rotational motion of the steering wheel to the wheels of the vehicle through a physical connection. The power steering system is developed on the basis of the manual steering system.

When the rack and pinion system fails, the vehicle's driving trajectory may be abnormal. For example, the vehicle may deviate from the straight driving trajectory even if the steering wheel is in the neutral position.

The manual steering system completely relies on the driver's power for steering, and the mechanical structure is relatively simple, mainly relying on the rack and pinion mechanism to achieve steering. The hydraulic steering system adds a hydraulic power assist device on the basis of the manual.

In the current automotive market, hydraulic power steering systems (HPS) and electronic hydraulic power steering systems (EHPS) are still widely used, and both systems rely on power steering pumps.

The manual steering system, also known as the power-free steering system, is a mechanical device that relies on the driver to directly apply force to turn the steering wheel and control the steering of the vehicle.

HPS racks are more common in large vehicles and some high-performance models that focus on driving experience. These types of vehicles have high requirements for the durability, reliability and steering feel of the steering system, and the HPS system has obvious advantages in this regard.

The power steering rack is connected to the steering gear and steering wheel, and is responsible for converting the driver's steering instructions into actual steering actions of the wheels. Traditional mechanical steering requires a lot of force, while the power steering makes steering easier.

When the fluid is insufficient, the system cannot generate enough pressure, causing the steering wheel to become heavy or lose power. Insufficient hydraulic pressure usually causes the driver to use more force when steering, which is particularly noticeable when driving at low speeds or parking.

Steps for calibrating the power steering rack 1. Lift the front of the vehicle 2. Loosen the steering rack connection components 3. Adjust the steering wheel position 4. Measure and adjust the rack position 5. Tighten the rack connection components 6. Check and calibrate the steering wheel position 7. Test the steering system

The most immediate sign of a failed power steering pump is that the steering wheel becomes unusually heavy. Because the hydraulic fluid is not providing enough assistance, the driver needs to apply more force when turning the steering wheel.