In 1965, Ford introduced the Ford Mustang, which became the first mass-produced American model to widely adopt rack-and-pinion steering. The launch of the Ford Mustang marked an important step for American automakers in steering technology and also represented the increasing demand for better handling in the U.S. market.

some manufacturers recommend replacing the steering fluid every two years or every 40,000 to 50,000 kilometers. Owners should first refer to the recommendations in the vehicle manual and follow their instructions for replacement.

Advantages of hydraulic power steering system: Provides stable and powerful steering assistance Sensitive feedback and precise control Strong adaptability, suitable for a variety of vehicles High stability and reliability Relatively low cost Disadvantages of hydraulic power steering system: Low fuel efficiency Large volume and increased weight Complex maintenance and many vulnerable parts Inferior control feel to mechanical steering High noise

Signs that you need power steering fluid include: 1. Steering wheel becomes heavy 2. Steering wheel makes strange noises 3. Steering wheel is slow to return to center 4. Check fluid level indicator 5. Steering wheel vibrations 6. Hydraulic fluid deterioration 7. Fluid leakage 8. Decreased steering performance

The operation between the rack and the pinion depends on adequate lubrication. When the power steering fluid is exhausted, this lubrication function fails, resulting in excessive friction between metal parts and abnormal wear. The gear portion of the rack will be damaged due to direct contact, and eventually the steering rack will fail.

When the fluid is insufficient, the system cannot generate enough pressure, causing the steering wheel to become heavy or lose power. Insufficient hydraulic pressure usually causes the driver to use more force when steering, which is particularly noticeable when driving at low speeds or parking.

Steps for calibrating the power steering rack 1. Lift the front of the vehicle 2. Loosen the steering rack connection components 3. Adjust the steering wheel position 4. Measure and adjust the rack position 5. Tighten the rack connection components 6. Check and calibrate the steering wheel position 7. Test the steering system

The most immediate sign of a failed power steering pump is that the steering wheel becomes unusually heavy. Because the hydraulic fluid is not providing enough assistance, the driver needs to apply more force when turning the steering wheel.

"Do I need to align the steering rack and tie rod after replacing it?" The answer is yes, in other words, after replacing these parts, the geometric relationship between the vehicle's tires, suspension system and steering system must be recalibrated to ensure the safety, stability and driving experience of the vehicle.

The steering pump is responsible for providing sufficient pressure to the entire hydraulic system to ensure that the hydraulic oil can effectively push the steering rack. However, when the performance of the steering pump declines, the flow rate and pressure of the hydraulic oil will be affected.