The manual steering system, also known as the mechanical steering system, is the earliest automotive steering technology. It transmits the rotational motion of the steering wheel to the wheels of the vehicle through a physical connection. The power steering system is developed on the basis of the manual steering system.

When the rack and pinion system fails, the vehicle's driving trajectory may be abnormal. For example, the vehicle may deviate from the straight driving trajectory even if the steering wheel is in the neutral position.

In the current automotive market, hydraulic power steering systems (HPS) and electronic hydraulic power steering systems (EHPS) are still widely used, and both systems rely on power steering pumps.

They are not the same concept. Rack and pinion is a specific mechanical structure responsible for converting the rotation of the steering wheel into the steering of the wheels; while power steering is an auxiliary system designed to reduce the amount of effort required by the driver during steering.

HPS racks are more common in large vehicles and some high-performance models that focus on driving experience. These types of vehicles have high requirements for the durability, reliability and steering feel of the steering system, and the HPS system has obvious advantages in this regard.

The power steering rack is connected to the steering gear and steering wheel, and is responsible for converting the driver's steering instructions into actual steering actions of the wheels. Traditional mechanical steering requires a lot of force, while the power steering makes steering easier.

Whether a car is equipped with power steering depends on many factors, including the type of car, the nature of the competition, and the needs and preferences of the drivers. Although power steering can reduce driver fatigue and improve handling stability, it can also increase the weight and complexity of the vehicle and reduce steering feedback.

When the power steering system fails, the driver needs to rely on more manual force to turn the steering wheel, especially when driving at low speeds or parking. Without power assistance, the steering wheel becomes extremely heavy to turn, which is a big challenge for some drivers with less power.

When the hydraulic power steering rack becomes loose, the response of the steering wheel may become sluggish. When the driver turns the steering wheel, he does not feel the immediate response that should have been there, but needs to spend more force or time to complete the steering operation.

The first large-scale application of electric power steering was in 1993, when Italian car manufacturer Fiat introduced this innovative technology on its Punto model. The Fiat Punto was the world's first mass-produced car equipped with electric power steering.